來一趟說走就走的旅行論文書籍站
Alpine tundra的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列地圖、推薦、景點和餐廳等資訊懶人包
Alpine tundra的問題，我們搜遍了碩博士論文和台灣出版的書籍，推薦Lorain, Douglas寫的 Backpacking Idaho: From Alpine Peaks to Desert Canyons 和Feldhamer, George A./ Drickamer, Lee C./ Vessey, Stephen H./ Mer的 Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology都 可以從中找到所需的評價。
另外網站A review of snow manipulation experiments in Arctic and ...也說明：Winter terrestrial ecology in Arctic and alpine tundra. Authors contributing to Polar Research retain copyright of their work, ...
這兩本書分別來自 和所出版 。
國立中興大學 森林學系所 曾喜育、廖敏君所指導 林亞頎的 循環統計應用於開花物候分析：以雪山圈谷為例 （2021），提出Alpine tundra關鍵因素是什麼，來自於全球暖化、高山生態系、雪山圈谷、開花物候、循環統計。
而第二篇論文國立中興大學 森林學系所 曾彥學、邱清安所指導 邱瀚元的 武陵廢耕地生態復育造林方法之探討 （2021），提出因為有 卡氏櫧、出栽配置、育苗容器、武陵廢耕地、臺灣赤楊的重點而找出了 Alpine tundra的解答。
最後網站Alpine Tundra - EPOD - a service of USRA則補充：There are three kinds of tundra: Arctic and Antarctic tundra and also Alpine tundra, as shown on the photo above, taken in Rocky Mountain ...
Backpacking Idaho: From Alpine Peaks to Desert Canyons
為了解決Alpine tundra 的問題，作者Lorain, Douglas 這樣論述：
A virtually undiscovered backpacking paradise, Idaho has numerous wilderness areas of mind-boggling size. Backpackers can find complete solitude, wildlife, and some of North America’s most outstanding scenery. Idaho’s mountains also boast great weather -- fewer thunderstorms than the central Rock
ies, less rain than Oregon and Washington, and cooler summer temperatures than California. Backpacking Idaho takes you to what author Doug Lorain calls a Shangri-la for backpackers. In the craggy Selkirk Mountains you’ll find lush forests, small cirque lakes, and jagged granite peaks. Watch for ospr
eys, river otters, and belted kingfishers in the swift Selway River. Explore hundreds of miles of trails in the gently rolling forested hills in north-central Idaho, or head to Hell’s Canyon, the deepest gorge in North America, where you’ll find both alpine tundra and cactus-studded desert.
循環統計應用於開花物候分析：以雪山圈谷為例
為了解決Alpine tundra 的問題，作者林亞頎 這樣論述：
高山生態系在全球暖化之下面臨較高風險，尤其開花物候受到影響產生明顯波動。雪山地區作為臺灣高山生態系研究熱點，雪東線步道累積10年開花物候資料，本研究延續前人調查，並透過循環統計分析雪山圈谷開花物候 (2012.03-2021.12)，繪製物候輪並進行貝葉斯迴歸分析，探討植物類群對於溫度與降雨量的敏感性。結果顯示，雪山圈谷共調查34科80屬128種開花植物，以菊科與禾本科為優勢科別；植物生活型譜分析顯示，以半地中植物為優勢生活型。研究區域開花物種特有率為60.16％，依《2017臺灣維管束植物紅皮書名錄》分析評估類別，開花物種共有15種為受脅類別者，包含易危者12種與瀕危者3種：葉芽筷子芥、臺
灣山薺、雪山翻白草。整體看來，開花物候起始於4、5月，6-9月為開花物候高峰期，終止在10月之後。本研究因2012年最接近長期氣象資料而作為基準年進行分析，2012年開花物候始於5月，最高峰為7月，結束於10月。結果顯示部分年度始花提前，推測此主要受全球暖化，冬末初春的相對高溫使物種提早打破休眠而開花；而花期延後結束推測主要受到夏秋維持相對高溫，使物種生長季延後結束。檢視科屬層級開花物候輪，科別早花類群包含柏科、菫菜科、報春花科、小檗科及燈心草科，屬別早花類群則有山芥菜屬、杜鵑花屬、貓兒眼睛草屬、八寶屬；科別晚花類群包含續斷科與桔梗科，屬別晚花類群則有毛蓮菜屬與佛甲草屬。檢視生活型開花物候輪，
挺空∕地上植物偏向較早開花且年際變化較大，地中植物則相反。此外，溫度對於雪山圈谷開花物候影響明顯大過降雨量，每月開花物種數跟當月均溫顯著正相關，物種開花日移動則受到前月均溫較顯著影響。物候輪結合貝葉斯迴歸模型，驗證雪山圈谷早花物種 (玉山圓柏、雙黃花菫菜、玉山杜鵑) 對於溫度與降雨量較敏感。循環統計應用於雪山圈谷開花物候分析的成效良好，可以處理過去無法妥善解釋雪山圈谷開花物候時間層面，關於年際變化與開花日移動的問題，且彌補線性譜帶未能呈現開花物候月分循環週期的缺點。
Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology
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為了解決Alpine tundra 的問題，作者Feldhamer, George A./ Drickamer, Lee C./ Vessey, Stephen H./ Mer 這樣論述：
Reflecting the expertise and perspective of five leading mammalogists, the fourth edition of Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology significantly updates taxonomy, includes a new chapter on mammalian molecular phylogenetics, and highlights several recently described species.There are close to 5,5
00 species in the class Mammalia, including the blue whale--the largest animal that has ever lived--and the pygmy shrew, which weighs little more than a penny. The functional diversity of mammals has allowed them to play critical roles in every ecosystem, whether marine, freshwater, alpine, tundra,
forest, or desert. Many mammal species are critically endangered and present complex conservation and management challenges. This book touches on those challenges, which are often precipitated by overharvesting and habitat loss, as well as emerging threats, such as the impact of wind turbines and wh
ite nose syndrome on bats and chronic wasting disease on deer.Among the updates and additions to the fourth edition of Mammalogy are numerous new photos, figures, and cladograms, over 4,200 references, as well as- A completely new chapter on mammalian phylogeny and genomics- Current taxonomy--includ
ing major changes to orders, suborders, and superfamilies of bats and rodents- An explanation of the recent inclusion of whales with terrestrial even-toed ungulates- Updates on mammalian structural, functional adaptations, and fossil history- recent advances in our understanding of phylogeny, biogeo
graphy, social behavior, and ecology- A discussion of two new orders and thirteen newly recognized extant families - Reflections on the implications of climate change for mammals- Thorough examinations of several recently described species, including Durrell's vontsira (Salanoia durrelli) and the La
otian rock rat (Laonastes aenigmamus)- An explanation of mammalian biomechanics, such as that seen in lunge feeding of baleen whales- Breakout boxes on unique aspects of mammals, including the syntax of bat songs, singing mice, and why there are no green mammals (unless we count algae-covered sloths
) Maintaining the accessible, readable style for which Feldhamer and his coauthors are well known, this new edition of Mammalogy is the authoritative textbook on this amazingly diverse class of vertebrates. George A. Feldhamer is professor emeritus of zoology at Southern Illinois University Carbon
dale. He is the coeditor of Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation and the coauthor of Mammals of the National Parks. Lee C. Drickamer is Regents’ Professor Emeritus in biology at Northern Arizona University and the coauthor of Animal Behavior: Mechanisms, Ecology, Evol
ution. Stephen H. Vessey is professor emeritus of biological sciences at Bowling Green State University. He is the coauthor of Animal Behavior: Mechanisms, Ecology, Evolution.Joseph F. Merritt is a senior mammalogist with the Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,
and the editor of the Journal of Mammalogy. He is the author of Biology of Small Mammals and the coauthor of Terrestrial Vertebrates of Pennsylvania: A Complete Guide to Species of Conservation Concern. Carey Krajewski is a professor and chair of zoology at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. H
e is the associate editor of the Journal of Mammalian Evolution and Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
武陵廢耕地生態復育造林方法之探討
為了解決Alpine tundra 的問題，作者邱瀚元 這樣論述：
武陵廢耕地因長期農耕活動而退化，本研究設計2個實驗進行生態復舊造林：(1) 對於已有部分成效之演替前期樹種，期望改良育苗容器提升成效並降低成本，因此使用3種不同容積 (S、M、L) 與深度 (14、18、25、36 cm)，共5種容器進行臺灣赤楊 (Alnus formosana) 育苗後，出栽進行存活及生長監測，並討論性價比；(2) 對於出栽存活率低之演替後期樹種，期望藉由已具成效之前期樹種或其他護理植物，提升演替後期樹種造林的成功性，因此進行單株、樹島、護理及林間等4種出栽配置進行卡氏櫧 (Castanopsis carlesii) 出栽後之存活及生長監測。臺灣赤楊經8個月的育苗後，平均
苗木地徑為6.6 mm，苗高為56.0 cm，並有使用較大、深之容器可培育出較大苗木之趨勢。出栽並監測1年的結果顯示，容積較大之容器，出栽後有較高之存活率 (L18 (96.7%) > L36 (93.3%) > M25 (88.3%) > S14 (83.3%) > M14 (78.3%) )，而愈深之容器則有愈有較佳之整體造林表現 (累積表現指數：M25 (482.3) > L36 (361.6) > L18 (314.1) > S14 (293.7) >M14 (159.9) )，然因嚴重的乾旱逆境，形質較小的苗木苗高下降較少，整體造林表現下降程度較低，使M25成為造林表現最佳之育苗容器
。將造林成效加入介質及容器成本進行計算後顯示，S14雖無最佳之造林成效，卻因成本較其餘4者低，而有最低之效益成本 (S14 (0.01元/TAPI) < M25 (0.02元/TAPI) < L18 (0.03元/TAPI) < M14 (0.04元/TAPI) < (L36 (0.05元/TAPI) )，然出栽第1年苗木表現較差，當苗木適應後，存活率高、形質較大者則有較佳之造林表現的潛力，因此本研究推薦以容器M25進行臺灣赤楊之育苗，於武陵廢耕地出栽有最佳之成效與性價比。卡氏櫧利用不同配置出栽後，結果顯示種植於大型臺灣赤楊旁，或多棵密集的種植可提升存活率 (林間栽植53.3% > 樹島栽植4
0.0% > 護理栽植35.0% > 單株栽植28.3%)，且與護理植物較近、較密集之配置有較佳之效果。整體之造林成效中，樹島栽植之表現最佳 (累積表現指數：樹島栽植183.0 > 單株栽植159.2 > 護理栽植125.4 > 林間栽植92.0)，顯示護理植物之大小、數量、與目標苗木之距離、密度等皆會影響目標苗木之造林表現。種植於大型臺灣赤楊旁雖可提升存活率，但出栽初期會降低苗高生長；而種植於空曠無遮蔭之區域，存活率雖會降低，但已存活之苗木有較佳的生長。然在惡劣環境造林時，苗木能否存活為造林是否成功之主要因子，因此本研究推薦種植演替後期樹種時，以提升較高存活率之林間栽植為主，提升部分存活及生
長之樹島栽植次之。總體而言，經1年的監測結果，本研究建議於武陵廢耕地造林時，演替前期樹種以容器M25進行育苗並出栽，能有較佳之存活、生長及效益成本；演替後期樹種則以林間栽植或樹島栽植等方式出栽，可提升出栽初期之存活率或生長。