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Mercury and the Everglades. a Synthesis and Model for Complex Ecosystem Restoration: Volume II - Aquatic Mercury Cycling and Bio

為了解決Freshwater ecosystem的問題，作者 這樣論述：

Darren Rumbold is a Professor of Marine Science and Director of the Coastal Watershed Institute at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU). He earned a BA in Chemistry and a BS and MS in Biology from Florida Atlantic University. He completed his Ph.D. in the Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries a

t University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science in 1996. In 1997, he was awarded a U.S. EPA Environmental Science & Engineering Fellowship at the National Center for Environmental Assessment in Washington, DC. From 1998-2006, he served as Senior- and, later, Lead Scientis

t with South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) overseeing a program to learn the influential factors controlling mercury biogeochemistry, fate and effects in the Everglades. During his tenure, he served as Module lead under the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) coordinating ef

forts of state and federal agencies working on mercury. He also served as Technical lead for the Water Quality Team of the Southwest Florida Feasibility Study. In 2006, Dr. Rumbold joined the faculty of FGCU where he mentors students in taking a landscape-scale approach in assessing impacts of high-

volume, freshwater discharges and the transport and fate of nutrients, mercury and other toxicants transported through the coastal watershed. As principal investigator (PI) or co-PI, he has secured millions in extramural funding for research; most recently, up to ＄4.1 million to provide ecological a

nd environmental scientific support, on an as-needed basis, to the SFWMD.​Dr. Pollman is currently the CEO of Aqua Lux Lucis, Inc. and adjunct research professor in the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Florida. He also holds a position as Chief Science Officer for Nclear, Inc.,

which is a start-up venture seeking to commercialize the applications of a novel synthetic calcium silicate mineral for treating water and wastewater. He obtained his Ph.D. in environmental engineering sciences from the University of Florida in 1983 where he specialized in aquatic chemistry and lim

nology. Dr. Pollman has been involved in various research projects relating to mercury (Hg) cycling in the environment, including the Everglades, since 1994. This research spanned his tenure with Tetra Tech’s Research & Development Division between 1995 and 2006, where he both led the Florida Atmosp

heric Mercury Study (FAMS) and participated in modifications to the Mercury Cycling Model (MCM) and subsequent application to the Florida Everglades. Between 2005 and 2007, he served as the CEO and Chief Scientist for Frontier Geosciences, Inc. (FGS), a small, highly specialized laboratory that was

then widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent commercial laboratories worldwide analyzing Hg and other trace elements at ambient concentrations in natural waters. Dr. Pollman left Frontier Geosciences in late 2007 to form Aqua Lux Lucis with the express goal of conducting applied research and a

nalysis to help inform decision makers devise environmental policy and strategies with a more robust understanding of the likely outcomes and uncertainties inherent in the decision making. This work includes using deterministic and statistical models to elucidate processes governing response variabl

e dynamics in complex systems and using these models as tools to place in context and help resolve complex environmental problems.Donald M. Axelrad, Ph.D.is an Associate Professor of Environmental Health in the Institute of Public Health, College of Pharmacy, at Florida A&M University (FAMU). He ear

ned a B.S. degree in Chemistry from Wayne State University, an M.S. in Environmental & Industrial Health from the University of Michigan, and a Ph.D. in Marine Science from the College of William and Mary. Prior to joining FAMU, from 1996-2013 while with the Florida Department of Environmental Prote

ction, Dr. Axelrad had responsibilities for writing and editing the annual ’Mercury and Sulfur Environmental Assessment’ chapter of the ’South Florida Environmental Report’ (SFER). This peer-reviewed publication - mandated by Florida’s(1994)Everglades Forever Act - is issued annually and summarizes

＂all data and findings of the State’s mercury monitoring and research in South Florida＂.The SFER chapter concerns the magnitude and extent of the Everglades mercury problem, mercury sources to the Everglades, mercury biogeochemistry, bioaccumulation, human and wildlife toxicology, and options for mi

tigating the mercury problem. At FAMU, Dr. Axelrad teaches Environmental Health and Environmental Toxicology, remains involved in research on mercury exposure to women of childbearing age, as well as on lead exposure in children.

Handbook of Ecological Models Used in Ecosystem and Environmental Management

為了解決Freshwater ecosystem的問題，作者 這樣論述：

It is estimated that roughly 1000 new ecological and environmental models join the ranks of the scientific literature each year. The international peer-reviewed literature reports some 20,000 new models spanning the period from 1970-2010. Just to keep abreast of the field it is necessary to design a

handbook of models that doesn't merely list them, but rather draws the state-of-the-art development of models for ecosystem and environmental management.Published first in 1996, Handbook of Models Applied in Ecosystem and Environmental Management applies precisely this approach to review current mo

dels applied in ecosystem-wide as well as environmentally specific management. Divided into two sections, the first section focuses on models of common ecosystems, leaving out only the most rare and extreme. Chapters cover coastal and marine ecosystems, wetlands, and estuaries; lake models and those

general considerations valid for all freshwater ecosystems; grasslands, forests, and general features of terrestrial ecosystems; and managed ecosystems including agriculture and aquaculture as well as wastewater treatment systems.Section II devotes attention to specific environmental problems. It b

egins with a look at "out of balance" problems such as eutrophication models, models of oxygen depletion, and acidification models in water pollution. Further chapters cover pollution by toxic substances, namely, heavy metal and organic toxins; global warming; fire and the spread of fire, and air po

llution and the unique considerations of aerodynamics. Supported with extensive references, Handbook of Models Applied in Ecosystem and Environmental Management provides a solid overview of the models currently in use for the management and homeostasis of whole ecosystems as well as for the solution

of today's most pressing environmental problems. Sven Erik Jørgensen works with the Royal Danish School of Pharmacy.

海洋酸化對點帶石斑仔稚魚鈣離子運輸以及骨骼鈣化作用的影響

為了解決Freshwater ecosystem的問題，作者黃辰宏 這樣論述：

根據政府間氣候變化專門委員會（IPCC）的預測，在本世紀末，二氧化碳濃度將提升至500~900 µatm，海水的酸鹼值則下降至7.9~7.7。海洋酸化會造成海水中碳酸鈣（CaCO3）飽和濃度升高，不利碳酸鈣在海水當中產生固態沉澱，並影響貝類以及珊瑚外骨骼的形成。此外，水體酸化可能會影響硬骨魚類的離子調節與發育生長，但並不清楚水體酸化是如何影響海洋硬骨魚類鈣離子的調節恆定性。本實驗比較飼養於正常的海水（pH 8.1）及不同酸化程度的海水（pH 7.8 與 pH 7.4）中40日齡點帶石斑仔稚魚，鈣離子運輸蛋白以及骨骼鈣質代謝相關基因在發育過程中的表現量變化。整體而言，實驗發現在酸化的環境之下仔

稚魚的成長與骨骼鈣離子累積並不會受到影響。然而，根據仔稚魚的離子調節、骨骼形成與鈣離子累積等數據的主成分分析卻顯示，水體酸化會影響整體的離子調節能力發展，以及可能輕微地影響對骨骼鈣離子沉積與再吸收。但是，若是以單一因子或以線性回歸進行分析與比較，則難以界定酸化對任何一組離子調控相關基因，例如細胞基底膜的鈣離子幫浦（pmca）、上皮鈣離子通道（ecac）以及運輸能量來源的鈉鉀離子幫浦基因的直接影響。此外，與骨骼鈣質沉積相關的成骨細胞（bglap）及破骨細胞（ctsk and trap）在海水酸化得情況下也並無獨立的顯著差異。實驗雖然表明在高二氧化碳的水體中，pH下降可能造成仔稚魚離子調節、骨骼形

成與鈣離子累積等因子的相互作用，而導致整體的生理差異。本研究亦顯示，點帶石斑魚仔稚魚的生長對高度酸化條件並不敏感，但此研究不能排除未來海洋酸化對沿海海水中的水產養殖業和野生種群影響的可能性。以目前而言，在海洋酸化的情況之下，硬骨魚的離子調節與鈣離子平衡的調節機制尚不明朗，須待更多研究證明。