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Sports Law

為了解決go d的問題，作者Gardiner, Simon/ Boyes, Simon/ O’Leary, John/ Naidoo, Urvasi 這樣論述：

Long established as the market leading textbook on sports law, this new edition continues to offer a comprehensive and authoritative examination of the legal issues surrounding and governing sport. Alert to the role that sport plays within society throughout, this edition is divided into four core P

arts: Governance & Sport, Commercial Regulation, Sports Workplace and Safety in Sport. Written by eminent experts in the field, this book is the go-to resource for academics teaching and researching sports law. The book will use carefully selected extracts to provide students with a contextual under

standing of each topic, while offering clear avenues for further reading and research.Sports law is an optional module, which is most commonly taught in the second and third year of the LLB. It is a fast-growing subject, with student numbers averaging around 50 per year. There are also a variety of

smaller markets for the textbook, including sport and leisure students, and professionals working in sports law and the wider sports industries.Issues covered in this edition include: A concise discussion of the theoretical understanding of the regulation of sport in the context of its history and c

ulture in the UKThe question of nationality, team quotas and the relationship with European employment lawEU compaction law interaction with sport under articles 81/82 EU.The World Anti-Doping Agency code in the context of recent and on-going casesanalysis of recent Court of Arbitration for Sport ju

risprudenceThe increasing occurrence of ADR mechanisms in resolving sporting disputesAn expanded chapter on IP law in sport using London 2012 as a case studyissues around the commercialisation of sportAnti-discrimination provisions in sportGreater recourse to law for participant violence within the

sporting arena Simon Boyes is a Senior Lecturer at Nottingham Law School, Nottingham Trent University. He teaches on Nottingham Law School’s LLM Sports Law, as well as its Sports Law module on the undergraduate law programme. His primary research interests are in the self-regulatory aspects of sp

ort and their relationship with the law. He also has an interest in the relationship between sport and the European Union. Most of his recent published work is in this area, including, ’One Size Fits All? The Myth of a Homogenous European Sports Law’ [2006] 1-2 International Sports Law Journal 16 an

d ’Caught Behind or Following-On? Cricket, the European Union and the ＂Bosman Effect＂’ [2005] 3 Entertainment and Sports Law Journal. Simon Gardiner is a Reader in Sports Law at Leeds Metropolitan University and Senior Research Fellow at the Asser International Sports Law Centre. His particular rese

arch interests include sports governance, racism and the construction of national identity in sport. He has published widely in a number of areas of sports law. He is co-editor of EU, Sport, Law and Policy: Regulation, Re-regulation and Representation, 2nd. ed. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009) (with Pa

rrish, R & Siekmann, R.), and author of ’UK Sports Law’ in Blanpain, R & Hendrickx, F (eds.) International Encyclopaedia of Sports Law (The Hague: Kluwer, 2008). He is editor of the Sport and the Law Journal and on the editorial board of the International Sports Law Journal.Urvasi Naidoo is a sports

lawyer who previously worked for the Salt Lake Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games 2002 in the Brand Protection Department and the International Cricket Council as their In House Lawyer. She is currently employed as the Chief Executive Officer of the International Federation of Netball Associations

.　　 She is a Trustee to Sporting Equals, the only organisation working across the UK to promote opportunities for black and ethnic minorities in sport and physical activity and sits on the Commission for the Future of Women’s Sports. She has published a number of sports law articles and is a regular

speaker/ guest lecturer on her specialist topics: Ambush Marketing, Brand Protection, Constitutional and Regulatory Matters, Dispute Resolution, Disciplinary Measures, Anti Corruption, Sport and Corporate Social Responsibility and Contract. Her interest in the Olympic movement saw her volunteer at

Athens 2004 and Vancouver 2010 and she is down to volunteer again at London 2012.John O’Leary is a Senior Lecturer in Law and member of the International Law Unit at Anglia Ruskin University. He has written extensively and published widely in the areas of doping, stadium safety and sports contracts.

He acts as a consultant to sports governing bodies, was co-author of a report on doping for the European Commission and has advised UK Anti-Doping on Legal aspects of anti-doping regulation. He is editor of Drugs and Doping in Sport: Socio-Legal Perspectives (2000, Cavendish Publishing).Roger Welch

is a visiting research fellow at the University of Portsmouth. His research interests are primarily in the areas of employment law, trade unions rights and sports law, and he has published widely in these areas. His publications in sports law include: ’A Snort and a Puff: Recreational Drugs and Dis

cipline in Professional Sport’, in O’ Leary (ed), Drugs and Doping in Sport, (2001, Cavendish); 　’Player Mobility, the FIFA Transfer Rules and Freedom of Movement’ International Sports Law Review, 2006; ’The Contractual Dynamics of Team Stability Versus Player Mobility: Who Rules ’The Beautiful Game

’? Entertainment and Sports Law Journal, 2007 (with S Gardiner); ’Football, Racism and the Limits of ’Colour Blind’ Law Revisited’, in Burdsey, D. (ed), Ethnicity and Football: Persisting Debates and Emergent Issues (2011, Routledge) (with Simon Gardiner); ’Bosman - There and Back Again: the Legitim

acy of Playing Quotas under European Union Sports Policy’, European Law Journal, 2011, (with Simon Gardiner).

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沙氏法對收益結構和績效之影響：臺灣會計師產業的證據

為了解決go d的問題，作者陳劍雄 這樣論述：

美國於2002年7月發布沙氏法案(The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, SOX)，SOX法案及其精神導致會計師產業發生重大變化。本文探討SOX與會計師產業收益結構和績效之關聯性，使用臺灣「1992-2019年會計師事務所服務業調查報告」的22,356筆觀察資料，透過收益函數來探討SOX對會計師產業之總收益、傳統服務份額、稅務服務份額和管理諮詢服務份額之影響。同時，本研究依樣本類型分為小型、中型、大型和國際型會計師事務所，從經濟管制理論(Theory of Economic Regulation, TER)的角度，考察SOX管制制度對會計師事務所績效之影響。我們運用會

計師產業的translog收益函數，並建立了迴歸方程式來檢驗我們的假說。本研究發現SOX法案對非國際型會計師事務所的收益產生了消極影響，但對國際型會計師事務所的收益產生了積極影響。SOX法案增加了非國際型會計師事務所的稅務服務份額，同時也增加了國際型會計師事務所的稅務服務份額。此外，我們還發現SOX法案對四種不同規模的會計師事務所的經營績效都存在正向影響。進一步的結果表明，在SOX管制之下，大型和國際型會計師事務所直接獲得了管制的利益(直接管制效應)，小型和中型事務所間接獲得管制的利益(間接管制效應)。本研究有助於文獻研究，為監管機構完善會計師事務所管理提供啟示。

Occupational Safety and Health Law Handbook

為了解決go d的問題，作者Bailey, Melissa A.,Burrato, Donelle R.,Cooper, Matthew C. 這樣論述：

Now in its fourth edition, this popular Handbook has been your go-to guide to the fundamentals of occupational safety and health law for over a decade. This new edition provides an authoritative and up-to-date reference that you count on for its reliable information and straightforward explanation.

Each chapter is written by a highly respected attorney who is an expert in the field. Yet the book is written without legal jargon, in plain English that anyone can understand. In it, the authors provide interpretations of many facets of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, review regulations and

standards governing employee protection, and offer advice for dealing with regulatory authorities. The Handbook covers all of the important legal aspects of the Occupational Safety and Health Act with clearly written explanations of such issues as the boundaries of OSHA regulations, general adminis

trative law concepts, and OSHA's enforcement tactics. It provides "Practitioner's Tips"--useful legal guidance given by experienced attorneys for complying with OSHA inspection regulations and enforcing employers' and employees' rights during inspections. It describes changes to the probable cause t

est under OSHA's "Warrant Requirement." It also explains the legal and practical consequences facing a business not contesting OSHA citations, OSHA's use of "Monitoring Devices on Employees," and more. This new edition covers major changes to the Hazard Communication Standard, new enforcement initia

tives, updated regulations in the construction industry, new emergency response procedures, and more. This book is compiled by several prominent attorneys who are experts in their fields including: Marshall Lee Miller Margaret S. Lopez Francina M. Segbefia Arthur G. Sapper William K. Doran Katie A

. Duggin Melissa A. Bailey John B. O’Loughlin, Jr. Kenneth B. Siepman John B. Flood Michael T. Heenan Eric J. Conn Lauren Handel Frank D. Davis Rachel Schaffer

An Integrated Approach For Uncovering Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

為了解決go d的問題，作者VAIBHAV KUMAR SUNKARIA 這樣論述：

Introduction - Lung cancer is one of primal and ubiquitous cause of cancer related fatalities in the world. Leading cause of these fatalities is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a proportion of 85%. The major subtypes of NSCLC are Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Small Cell Carcinoma (LUS

C). Early-stage surgical detection and removal of tumor offers a favorable prognosis and better survival rates. However, a major portion of 75% subjects have stage III/IV at the time of diagnosis and despite advanced major developments in oncology survival rates remain poor. Carcinogens produce wide

spread DNA methylation changes within cells. These changes are characterized by globally hyper or hypo methylated regions around CpG islands, many of these changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly prevalent across a tumor type.Structure - This research work took advantage of publicly avai

lable methylation profiling resources and relevant comorbidities for lung cancer patients extracted from meta-analysis of scientific review and journal available at PubMed and CNKI search which were combined systematically to explore effective DNA methylation markers for NSCLC. We also tried to iden

tify common CpG loci between Caucasian, Black and Asian racial groups for identifying ubiquitous candidate genes thoroughly. Statistical analysis and GO ontology were also conducted to explore associated novel biomarkers. These novel findings could facilitate design of accurate diagnostic panel for

practical clinical relevance.Methodology - DNA methylation profiles were extracted from TCGA for 418 LUAD and 370 LUSC tissue samples from patients compared with 32 and 42 non-malignant ones respectively. Standard pipeline was conducted to discover significant differentially methylated sites as prim

ary biomarkers. Secondary biomarkers were extracted by incorporating genes associated with comorbidities from meta-analysis of research articles. Concordant candidates were utilized for NSCLC relevant biomarker candidates. Gene ontology annotations were used to calculate gene-pair distance matrix fo

r all candidate biomarkers. Clustering algorithms were utilized to categorize candidate genes into different functional groups using the gene distance matrix. There were 35 CpG loci identified by comparing TCGA training cohort with GEO testing cohort from these functional groups, and 4 gene-based pa

nel was devised after finding highly discriminatory diagnostic panel through combinatorial validation of each functional cluster.Results – To evaluate the gene panel for NSCLC, the methylation levels of SCT(Secritin), FOXD3(Forkhead Box D3), TRIM58(Tripartite Motif Containing 58) and TAC1(Tachikinin

1) were tested. Individually each gene showed significant methylation difference between LUAD and LUSC training cohort. Combined 4-gene panel AUC, sensitivity/specificity were evaluated with 0.9596, 90.43%/100% in LUAD; 0.949, 86.95%/98.21% in LUSC TCGA training cohort; 0.94, 85.92%/97.37 in GEO 66

836; 0.91,89.17%/100% in GEO 83842 smokers; 0.948, 91.67%/100% in GEO83842 non-smokers independent testing cohort. Our study validates SCT, FOXD3, TRIM58 and TAC1 based gene panel has great potential in early recognition of NSCLC undetermined lung nodules. The findings can yield universally accurate

and robust markers facilitating early diagnosis and rapid severity examination.